The Curious Case of Cicadas: Understanding and Coexisting with Brood X

 

Photo by James Wainscoat on Unsplash

I live in the Midwestern area of the United States. Right now, as I type this blog, I hear the overwhelming sound of a buzzing noise that almost sounds like someone just turned on a weed eater and started whacking their 100-acre yard.

As a Californian, born and raised, this is very new to me. So, I decided to do a little research.

Here is what I found out:

Every 13 or 17 years, residents of the eastern United States are treated — or subjected — to the overwhelming emergence of periodical cicadas, specifically Brood X. This massive natural event can be both fascinating and frustrating, especially when billions of cicadas suddenly appear, filling the air with their distinct and often deafening song. While they may seem like a nuisance, it’s essential to understand the ecological significance of cicadas and how we can coexist with them.

Photo by Jason Weingardt on Unsplash

What is Brood X?

Brood X, also known as the Great Eastern Brood, is one of the largest and most widespread of the 15 periodical cicada broods. These cicadas spend most of their lives underground, feeding on tree root fluids. After 13 or 17 years, depending on the species, they emerge in massive numbers to mateand lay eggs, completing their life cycle.

Ecological Importance of Cicadas

Cicadas play a crucial role in the ecosystem in several ways:

1. Nutrient Cycling: When cicadas die, their bodies decompose and enrich the soil with nutrients. This process supports the growth of plants and contributes to a healthier ecosystem.
2. Aeration of Soil: The emergence of cicadas from the ground aerates the soil, improving water infiltration and root growth for plants.
3. Food Source: Cicadas provide a significant food source for various predators, including birds, mammals, and other insects. Their sudden abundance supports the food web and can lead to temporary population increases in these predators.
4. Tree Pruning: While the egg-laying process can cause some damage to young trees, it also serves as a natural form of pruning, which can stimulate new growth and strengthen the trees.

Dealing with the Disruption

Despite their benefits, the sudden influx of cicadas can be disruptive. Their loud mating calls, which can reach up to 100 decibels, can be overwhelming. Additionally, their sheer numbers can be startling and inconvenient. However, there are ways to minimize the impact and coexist with these fascinating insects:

1. Noise Reduction: Use earplugs or white noise machines to help drown out the cicada chorus if it becomes too overwhelming.
2. Protecting Plants: Cover young or vulnerable plants with netting to prevent cicadas from laying eggs in the branches. This is particularly important for newly planted trees and shrubs.
3. Acceptance and Education: Understanding the life cycle and ecological benefits of cicadas can help mitigate the frustration. Educating others about their role in the ecosystem can foster a sense of coexistence and appreciation.

Photo by 🇸🇮 Janko Ferlič on Unsplash

Recommended Resources for Further Reading

• Academic Journals: For a detailed exploration of cicadas’ role in the environment, the Journal of Economic Entomology provides valuable insights. You can access an article abstract on this topic [here].
• Expert Insights: Michael J. Raupp, Ph.D., discusses the biology, plant injury, and management of periodical cicadas in his article “Return of Periodical Cicadas in 2021: Biology, Plant Injury and Management” in Tree Care Industry Magazine. This resource offers practical advice on managing cicada emergence. [Read the article].
• Mapping Cicada Emergence: Scripps News provides an interactive map showing where billions of cicadas will emerge in the U.S. This can help you anticipate and prepare for their arrival. [Check out the map]

The arrival of Brood X cicadas has been overwhelming for many in our community, myself included. I’ve heard plenty of complaints about these noisy insects, but it’s important to recognize this as a remarkable natural event.

By understanding their role in the ecosystem and finding ways to manage their presence, we can appreciate the essential contributions these insects make to our environment. I hope this post provides useful insights and encourages a more open-minded approach to living with cicadas.